The former town border lies beneath the Teatralnaya Square of central Rostov-on-Don. The two settlements were separated by a field of wheat. In 1779, Rostov-on-Don became associated with a settlement of Armenian refugees from Crimea at Nakhichevan-on-Don. The harbour was one of the largest trade hubs in southern Russia, especially for the export of wheat, timber, and iron ore. Industrial growth was accompanied by a rapid increase in population, with 119,500 residents registered in Rostov by the end of the nineteenth century along with approximately 140 industrial businesses. In 1859, the production of pumps and steam boilers began. Coal from the Donets Basin and iron ore from Krivoy Rog supported the establishment of an iron foundry in 1846. A railway connection with Kharkiv was completed in 1870, with further links following in 1871 to Voronezh and in 1875 to Vladikavkaz.Ĭoncurrent with improvements in communications, heavy industry developed. During the 19th century, due to its river connections with Russia's interior, Rostov developed into a major trade centre and communications hub. In 1806, it was officially renamed Rostov-on-Don. In 1796, the settlement was chartered and in 1797, it became the seat of Rostovsky Uyezd within Novorossiysk Governorate. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, with the incorporation of previously Ottoman Black Sea territories into the Russian Empire, the settlement lost much of its militarily strategic importance as a frontier post.
In 1756, the "Russian commercial and trading company of Constantinople" was founded at the "merchants' settlement" (Kupecheskaya Sloboda) on the high bank of the Don. Azov, a town closer to the Sea of Azov on the Don, gradually lost its commercial importance in the region to the new fortress. It was co-located with a fortress named for Dimitry of Rostov, a metropolitan bishop of the old northern town of Rostov the Great. In 1749, a custom house was established on the Temernik River, a tributary of the Don, by edict of the Empress Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter the Great, in order to control trade with Turkey. It was the site of Tanais, an ancient Greek colony, Fort Tana under the Genoese and Fort Azak in the time of the Ottoman Empire.
Ancient indigenous inhabitants included the Scythian and Sarmatian tribes. See also: Timeline of Rostov-on-Don Establishment to the early 20th century įrom ancient times, the area around the mouth of the Don River has held cultural and commercial importance. 10.1 2018 FIFA World Cup in Rostov-on-Don.1.1 Establishment to the early 20th century.Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people, and is an important cultural centre of Southern Russia. The southwestern suburbs of the city lay above the Don river delta. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the Sea of Azov, directly north of the North Caucasus. Rostov-na-Donu, IPA: ) is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia.
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